SYNONYMS

Synonyms

1. Abandon - forsake
2. abode - dwelling place
3. Acclamation - Shouting
4. Adequate - sufficient
5. adjourn - postpone
6. awful - dreadful
7. benefit - advantage
8. breakdown - collapse
9. besides - moreover
10. censure - blame
11. cause - reason
12. calm - serene, peaceful
13. callous - stiff
14. cheat - deceive
15. cite - quote
16. clumsy - awkward
17. disaster - calamity
18. distinguish - difference
19. disown - deny
20. dire - extreme
21. walk - stroll
22. warrior - soldier
23. weep - cry, sob
24. warning - precaution
25. flourish - thrive
26. comrade - fellow
27. fascination - attraction
28. futile - waste
29. folly - foolishness
30. fore - enemy
31. fury - rage
32. honesty - integrity
33. horrible - terrible
34. haughtiness - pride
35. ignore - discard
36. hope - desire
37. heap - pile
38. gruesome - terrible
39. generosity - nobility
40. garb - dress
41. sluggish - lazy
42. illicit - unlawful
43. flimsy - weak, fragile
44. ungainly - graceless, awkward
45. scraggy - very thin, bony
46. cacophony - loud noise
47. grateful - appreciative
48. enhance - increase
49. immense - vast
50. gigantic - large

Continuous and Directed Writing Questions

Part One (25 marks)

Write on one of the following topics.

At the head of the composition put the number of the topic you have chosen.

You are advised to spend about 35 minutes on this part of the paper and to write between 350 and 400 words.

1. Advantages of growing old

2. A person you admire most.

3. Sports are a waste of time. Do you agree?

4. Write a story based on the following:

“This is the last time that I am going to help you” He said and walked away.

5. Success.

Part Two (10 marks)

Begin your answer on a fresh page.

You are advised to spend about 20 minutes on this part of the paper and to write 150-200 words.

You have recently been to a new fast food restaurant in your town. Write a letter to a friend, telling him or her about your visit. In your letter you should:

Ø Explain where the restaurant is

Ø When you went there and why

Ø Describe the restaurant and its atmosphere

Ø Say what you ate

Ø Say what you thought of the food

You may add further details if you wish. Use continuous English and appropriate style.

Structures -1

1. Happen to + Infinitive

Usage: This structure is used to refer to the happening of something by chance.

Examples:

1) While she was turning the pages of an old book, she happened to see an old photograph
of herself.
2) The man you quarreled with, happens to be my friend.

Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks with happen to + infinitive that fits into the context.

1. On my way to school, ………………………………………

2. If you ……………………………, tell him I am waiting for him.

3. You can take this tablet, if you ………………………………….

4. Recently she, ……………………………………………………

2. Verb + Gerund.

Usage: This is used to refer to the past, present or future.

Examples:

1. He enjoys swimming.

2. He enjoyed swimming.

3. He will enjoy swimming.

Exercise 2: Complete the following with a verb+ gerund construction.

1) Would you …………………………..

2) She ………………………………….

3) Players………………………………

4) An Ornithologist always …………

3. Had + Noun + Past participle

Usage: This construction is just another way of expressing an idea inthe impossible
conditional clause. It has to be followed by a main clause.

Examples.

1) Had I known it, I would have informed you.

2) Had he reached there, he would have rung me up.

Exercise 3: Supply a suitable had + Noun + Past participle construction.

1) ……………………………, she would have done it.

2) ……………………………., his foot would have been injured.

3) ……………………………., they would have come out in colours.

4) ………………., everything would have been destroyed by him.

4. Verbs of perception + object (noun or pronoun) + infinitive without to/present
participle.

Usage: Verbs of perception such as see, make, let, notice, know, feel etc.

when used with the infinitive ( without to) indicates our interest in thecompleted action whereas with the present participle, it indicates interest in the continuing action.

Examples:

1. I heard her sing.

2. I heard her singing.

Exercise 4: Complete the following meaningfully either with an infinitive or present participle.

1) They saw us …………………………………………..

2) This music system makes me ………………………..

3) Suasan enjoys …………………………………………

4) I can’t help ……………………………………………

English Usage

``WHICH OF the following sentences is correct? ``He runs faster than me'', or, ``He runs faster than I''?

Very often people wonder if they should say, ``It's me'', or ``It's I''. In the past, the accepted form was ``It's I''. ``It's me'' was considered unacceptable. Nowadays, of course, ``It's me'' is the preferred answer to the question, ``Who is it?''. You would sound pretty pompous if you were to say, ``It's I''.

Both the sentences that you have given are acceptable. The most common response to the question ``Who runs faster?'' would be ``He runs faster than me''. Although ``He runs faster than I'' is correct, it sounds rather old fashioned. You won't find too many native speakers of English saying, ``He is older than I'' or ``He is a better player than I''. In sentences like these, there is a tendency nowadays to replace ``I'' with ``me''.

STUDENTS FORUM

platform for group discussion on ICSE, CBSE, IGCSE, CAE examinations ...